The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.